|
WHO Model List of Essential
Drugs (EDL)
11th edition (Nov. 1999)
by therapeutic
group
Explanatory
notes EDL by drug
name
| 1.
ANAESTHETICS
1.1 General anaesthetics and
oxygen |
| ether,
anaesthetic |
(1c, 2) |
inhalation |
| halothane |
(2) |
inhalation |
| ketamine |
(2) |
injection, 50 mg (as
hydrochloride)/ml in 10-ml vial |
| nitrous
oxide |
(2) |
inhalation |
| oxygen |
|
inhalation
(medicinal gas) |
| *thiopental |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 0.5 g, 1.0 g (sodium salt) in ampoule |
| 1.2
Local anaesthetics |
| *bupivacaine |
(2, 9) |
injection, 0.25%,
0.5% (hydrochloride) in vial; injection for spinal anaesthesia, 0.5%
in 4-ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution |
| *lidocaine |
|
injection, 1%, 2%
(hydrochloride) in vial; injection for spinal anaesthesia, 5% in
2-ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution; topical forms,
2-4% |
| *lidocaine +
epinephrine (adrenaline) |
|
injection 1%, 2%
(hydrochloride)+ epinephrine 1:200 000 in vial; dental cartridge 2%
+ epinephrine 1:80 000 |
| Complementary drug |
| ephedrine |
(C) |
injection, 30 mg/ml
in 1-ml ampoule
(To prevent hypotension in spinal
anaesthesia during delivery) |
| 1.3
Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term
procedures |
| atropine |
|
injection, 1 mg
(sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| chloral
hydrate |
|
syrup, 200
mg/5-ml |
| *diazepam |
(1b) |
injection, 5 mg/ml
in 2-ml ampoule; tablet, 5 mg |
| *morphine |
(1a) |
injection, 10 mg
(sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule |
| *promethazine |
|
elixir or syrup, 5
mg (hydrochloride)/5-ml |
| 2.
ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
(NSAIDs), DRUGS USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING AGENTS IN
RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)
2.1 Non-opioids and
NSAIDs |
| acetylsalicylic
acid |
|
tablet, 100-500 mg;
suppository, 50-150 mg |
| *ibuprofen |
|
tablet, 200 mg, 400
mg |
| paracetamol |
|
tablet, 100-500 mg;
suppository, 100 mg; syrup, 125 mg/5-ml |
| 2.2
Opioid analgesics |
| *codeine |
(1a) |
tablet, 30 mg
(phosphate) |
| *morphine |
(1a) |
injection, 10 mg in
1-ml ampoule (sulfate or hydrochloride); oral solution, 10 mg
(sulfate or hydrochloride)/5 ml; tablet, 10 mg
(sulfate) |
| Complementary drug |
| *pethidine |
(A) (1a, 4) |
injection, 50 mg
(hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule; tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg |
| 2.3
Drugs used to treat gout |
| allopurinol |
(4) |
tablet, 100
mg |
| colchicine |
(7) |
tablet, 500
micrograms |
| 2.4
Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders
(DMARDs) |
| azathioprine |
(2) |
tablet, 50
mg |
| chloroquine |
(2) |
tablet, 100 mg, 150
mg (as phosphate or sulfate) |
| cyclophosphamide |
(2) |
tablet, 25
mg |
| methotrexate |
(2) |
tablet, 2.5 mg (as
sodium salt) |
| penicillamine |
(2) |
capsule or tablet,
250 mg |
| sulfasalazine |
(2) |
tablet, 500
mg |
| 3.
ANTIALLERGICS AND DRUGS USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS |
| *chlorphenamine |
|
tablet, 4 mg
(hydrogen maleate); injection, 10 mg (hydrogen maleate) in 1-ml
ampoule |
| *dexamethasone |
|
tablet, 500
micrograms, 4 mg; injection, 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as
disodium salt) in 1-ml ampoule |
| epinephrine
(adrenaline) |
|
injection, 1 mg (as
hydrochloride or hydrogen tartrate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| hydrocortisone |
|
powder for
injection, 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial |
| *prednisolone |
|
tablet, 5
mg |
| 4.
ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONING
4.1
Non-specific |
| *charcoal,
activated |
|
powder |
| ipecacuanha |
|
syrup, containing
0.14% ipecacuanha alkaloids calculated as emetine |
| 4.2
Specific |
| acetylcysteine
(N-) |
|
injection, 200 mg/ml
in 10-ml ampoule |
| atropine |
|
injection, 1 mg
(sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| calcium
gluconate |
(2, 8) |
injection, 100 mg in
10-ml ampoule |
| deferoxamine |
|
powder for
injection, 500 mg (mesilate) in vial |
| dimercaprol |
(2) |
injection in oil, 50
mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| *dl-methionine |
|
tablet, 250
mg |
| methylthioninium
chloride (methylene blue) |
|
injection, 10 mg/ml
in 10-ml ampoule |
| naloxone |
|
injection, 400
micrograms (hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule |
| penicillamine |
(2) |
capsule or tablet,
250 mg |
| potassium ferric
hexacyano-ferrate(II) ·2H20 (Prussian blue) |
|
powder for oral
administration |
| sodium calcium
edetate |
(2) |
injection, 200 mg/ml
in 5-ml ampoule |
| sodium
nitrite |
|
injection, 30 mg/ml
in 10-ml ampoule |
| sodium
thiosulfate |
|
injection, 250 mg/ml
in 50-ml ampoule |
| 5.
ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS |
| carbamazepine |
(10,11) |
scored tablet, 100
mg, 200 mg |
| *diazepam |
(1b) |
injection, 5 mg/ml
in 2-ml ampoule (intravenous or rectal) |
| ethosuximide |
|
capsule, 250 mg;
syrup, 250 mg/5-ml |
| magnesium
sulfate |
|
injection, 500 mg/ml
in 2-ml ampoule |
| phenobarbital |
(1b, 11) |
tablet, 15-100 mg;
elixir, 15 mg/5-ml |
| phenytoin |
(7, 11) |
capsule or tablet,
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg (sodium salt); injection, 50 mg/ml in 5-ml
vial |
| valproic
acid |
(7, 11) |
enteric coated
tablet, 200 mg, 500 mg (sodium salt) |
| Complementary drug |
| *clonazepam |
(B) (1b) |
scored tablets 500
micrograms |
| 6.
ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUGS
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal
anthelminthics |
| albendazole |
|
chewable tablet, 400
mg |
| levamisole |
|
tablet, 50 mg; 150
mg (as hydrochloride) |
| *mebendazole |
|
chewable tablet, 100
mg, 500 mg |
| niclosamide |
|
chewable tablet, 500
mg |
| praziquantel |
|
tablet, 150 mg, 600
mg |
| pyrantel |
|
chewable tablet 250
mg (as embonate); oral suspension, 50 mg (as
embonate)/ml |
| 6.1.2
Antifilarials |
| diethylcarbamazine |
|
tablet, 50 mg, 100
mg ( dihydrogen citrate) |
| ivermectin |
|
scored tablet, 3 mg,
6 mg |
| Complementary drug |
| suramin
sodium |
(B) (2, 7) |
powder for
injection, 1 g in vial |
| 6.1.3
Antischistosomals and anti-trematode drugs |
| praziquantel |
|
tablet, 600
mg |
| triclabendazole |
|
tablet, 250
mg |
| Complementary drug |
| oxamniquine |
(C) (8) |
capsule, 250 mg;
syrup, 250 mg/5-ml |
| 6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta lactam
drugs |
| *amoxicillin |
(4) |
capsule or tablet,
250 mg, 500 mg (anhydrous); powder for oral suspension, 125 mg
(anhydrous)/5 ml |
| ampicillin |
|
powder for
injection, 500 mg, 1 g (as sodium salt) in vial |
| benzathine
benzylpenicillin |
|
powder for
injection, 1.44 g benzylpenicillin (=2.4 million IU) in 5-ml
vial |
| benzylpenicillin |
|
powder for
injection, 600 mg (= 1 million IU), 3 g (= 5 million IU) (sodium or
potassium salt) in vial |
| *cloxacillin |
|
capsule, 500 mg, 1 g
(as sodium salt); powder for oral solution, 125 mg (as sodium
salt)/5 ml; powder for injection, 500 mg (as sodium salt) in
vial |
| phenoxymethylpenicillin |
|
tablet, 250 mg (as
potassium salt); powder for oral suspension, 250 mg (as potassium
salt)/5 ml |
| procaine
benzylpenicillin |
|
powder for
injection, 1 g (=1 million IU), 3 g (=3 million IU) |
| Restricted Indications |
| *amoxicillin +
*clavulanic acid |
(D) |
tablet, 500 mg + 125
mg |
| ceftazidime |
(D) |
powder for
injection, 250 mg (as pentahydrate) in vial |
| *ceftriaxone |
(D) |
powder for
injection, 250 mg (as sodium salt) in vial |
| imipenem +
cilastatin |
(D) |
powder for injection
250 mg (as monohydrate) + 250 mg (as sodium salt), 500 mg (as
monohydrate) + 500 mg (as sodium salt) in vial |
| 6.2.2
Other antibacterials |
| *chloramphenicol |
(7) |
capsule, 250 mg;
oral suspension, 150 mg (as palmitate)/5 ml; powder for injection, 1
g (sodium succinate) in vial |
| *ciprofloxacin |
|
tablet 250 mg (as
hydrochloride) |
| *doxycycline |
(5, 6) |
capsule or tablet,
100 mg (hydrochloride) |
| *erythromycin |
|
capsule or tablet,
250 mg (as stearate or ethyl succinate) ; powder for oral
suspension, 125 mg (as stearate or ethyl succinate); powder for
injection, 500 mg (as lactobionate) in vial |
| *gentamicin |
(2, 4, 7,
11) |
injection, 10 mg, 40
mg (as sulfate)/ml in 2-ml vial |
| *metronidazole |
|
tablet, 200-500 mg;
injection, 500 mg in 100-ml vial; suppository, 500 mg, 1 g; oral
suspension, 200 mg (as benzoate)/5 ml |
| nalidixic
acid |
(8) |
tablet 250 mg, 500
mg |
| nitrofurantoin |
(4, 8) |
tablet, 100
mg |
| spectinomycin |
(8) |
powder for
injection, 2 g (as hydrochloride) in vial |
| *sulfadiazine |
(4) |
tablet, 500
mg |
| *sulfadiazine |
(4) |
injection, 250 mg
(sodium salt) in 4-ml ampoule |
| *sulfamethoxazole +
trimethoprim |
(4) |
tablet, 100 mg + 20
mg, 400 mg + 80 mg; oral suspension, 200 mg + 40 mg/5 ml; injection,
80 mg + 16 mg/ml in 5-ml and 10-ml ampoules |
| trimethoprim |
(8) |
tablet, 100 mg, 200
mg; injection 20 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule |
| Complementary drugs |
| chloramphenicol |
(C) |
oily suspension for
injection 0.5 g (as sodium succinate)/ml in 2-ml
ampoule |
| clindamycin |
(B) (8) |
capsule, 150 mg;
injection, 150 mg (as phosphate)/ml |
| Restricted Indications |
| vancomycin |
(D) |
powder for
injection, 250 mg (as hydrochloride) in
vial |
| 6.2.3
Antileprosy drugs |
| clofazimine |
|
capsule, 50 mg, 100
mg |
| dapsone |
|
tablet, 25 mg, 50
mg, 100 mg |
| rifampicin |
|
capsule or tablet,
150 mg, 300 mg |
| 6.2.4
Antituberculosis drugs |
| ethambutol |
(4) |
tablet, 100 mg-400
mg (hydrochloride) |
| isoniazid |
|
tablet, 100 -300
mg |
| isoniazid +
ethambutol |
(5) |
tablet, 150 mg + 400
mg |
| pyrazinamide |
|
tablet, 400
mg |
| rifampicin |
|
capsule or tablet,
150 mg, 300 mg |
| rifampicin +
isoniazid |
(5) |
tablet, 60 mg + 30
mg; 150 mg + 75 mg; 300 mg + 150 mg; 150 mg + 150 mg
(For intermittent use three times
weekly.) |
| rifampicin +
isoniazid + pyrazinamide |
(5) |
tablet, 60 mg + 30
mg + 150 mg; 150 mg + 75 mg + 400 mg; 150 mg + 150 mg + 500 mg
(For intermittent use three times weekly.) |
| rifampicin +
isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol |
|
tablet, 150 mg + 75
mg +400 mg + 275 mg |
| streptomycin |
(4) |
powder for
injection, 1 g (as sulfate) in vial |
| Complementary drug |
| thioacetazone +
isoniazid |
(A) (5, 7) |
tablet, 50 mg + 100
mg; 150 mg + 300 mg |
| Restricted Indications |
| Additional reserve second-line drugs for the treatment of
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) should be used in
specialized centres adhering to WHO standards for TB control. (D) |
| 6.3
Antifungal drugs |
| amphotericin
B |
(4) |
powder for
injection, 50 mg in vial |
| *fluconazole |
|
capsule 50 mg;
injection 2 mg/ml in vial; oral suspension 50 mg/5-ml |
| griseofulvin |
(7) |
capsule or tablet,
125 mg, 250 mg |
| nystatin |
|
tablet, 100,000,
500,000 IU; lozenge 100,000 IU; pessary, 100,000 IU |
| Complementary drugs |
| flucytosine |
(B) (4, 8) |
capsule, 250 mg;
infusion, 2.5 g in 250 ml |
| potassium
iodide |
(A) |
saturated
solution |
| 6.4
Antivirals
6.4.1 Antiherpes |
| aciclovir |
(8) |
tablet, 200 mg;
powder for injection 250 mg (as sodium salt) in vial |
| 6.4.2
Antiretrovirals |
| Adequate
resources and specialist oversight are a prerequisite for the
introduction of this class of drugs.. |
| nevirapine |
(8) |
tablet 200 mg; oral
solution 50 mg/5-mL |
| zidovudine |
(8) |
capsules 100 mg, 250
mg; injection, 10 mg/ml in 20-ml vial; oral solution 50
mg/5-ml |
| Drugs
for treatment of HIV/AIDS include nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs). The drugs zidovudine and
nevirapine have been shown to reduce or prevent mother-to-child
transmission. THIS IS THE ONLY INDICATION FOR WHICH IT IS INCLUDED
HERE. Single drug use with zidovudine, except in pregnancy, is now
regarded as obsolete, because of the development of resistance.
Triple therapy is beyond the budgets of most national drug
programmes and therefore HIV/AIDS treatment policies must be decided
at country or institutional level. |
| 6.5
Antiprotozoal drugs
6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis
drugs |
| *diloxanide |
|
tablet, 500 mg
(furoate) |
| *metronidazole |
|
tablet, 200-500 mg;
injection, 500 mg in 100-ml vial; oral suspension 200 mg (as
benzoate)/5 ml |
| 6.5.2
Antileishmaniasis drugs |
| *meglumine
antimoniate |
|
injection, 30%,
equivalent to approximately 8.5% antimony, in 5-ml
ampoule |
| pentamidine |
(5) |
powder for
injection, 200 mg, 300 mg (isetionate) in vial |
| Complementary drug |
| amphotericin
B |
(B) (4) |
powder for
injection, 50 mg in vial |
| 6.5.3
Antimalarial drugs
6.5.3.1 For curative
treatment |
| *chloroquine |
|
tablet 100 mg, 150
mg (as phosphate or sulfate); syrup, 50 mg (as phosphate or
sulfate)/5 ml; injection 40 mg (as hydrochloride, phosphate or
sulfate)/ml in 5-ml ampoule |
| primaquine |
|
tablet, 7.5 mg, 15
mg (as diphosphate) |
| *quinine |
|
tablet, 300 mg (as
bisulfate or sulfate); injection, 300 mg (as dihydrochloride)/ml in
2-ml ampoule |
| Complementary drugs |
| *doxycycline |
(B) |
capsule or tablet,
100 mg (hydrochloride)
(For use only in combination with
chloroquine.) |
| mefloquine |
(B) |
tablet, 250 mg
(hydrochloride) |
| *sulfadoxine +
pyrimethamine |
(B) |
tablet, 500 mg + 25
mg |
| Restricted Indications |
| artemether |
(D) |
injection, 80 mg/ml
in 1-ml ampoule |
| Restricted Indications |
| artesunate |
(D) |
tablet, 50
mg |
| 6.5.3.2
For prophylaxis |
| chloroquine |
|
tablet, 150 mg (as
phosphate or sulfate); syrup, 50 mg (as phosphate or sulfate)/5
ml |
| doxycycline |
|
capsule or tablet,
100 mg ( hydrochloride) |
| mefloquine |
|
tablet, 250 mg (as
hydrochloride) |
| proguanil |
|
tablet, 100 mg
(hydrochloride)
(For use only in combination with
chloroquine.) |
| 6.5.4
Anti-pneumocystosis and anti-toxoplasmosis drugs |
| pentamidine |
(2) |
tablet 200 mg, 300
mg |
| pyrimethamine |
|
tablet, 25
mg |
| sulfamethoxazole +
trimethoprim |
|
injection 80 mg + 16
mg in 5-ml ampoule |
| 6.5.5.
Antitrypanosomal drugs
6.5.5 (a) African
trypanosomiasis |
| melarsoprol |
(2) |
injection, 3.6%
solution |
| pentamidine |
(5) |
powder for
injection, 200 mg, 300 mg (isetionate) in vial |
| suramin
sodium |
|
powder for
injection, 1 g in vial |
| Complementary drug |
| eflornithine |
(C) |
injection, 200 mg (
hydrochloride)/ml in 100-ml bottles |
| 6.5.5
(b) American trypanosomiasis |
| benznidazole |
(7) |
tablet, 100
mg |
| nifurtimox |
(2, 8) |
tablet, 30 mg; 120
mg; 250 mg |
| 6.6
Insect repellents |
| diethyltoluamide |
|
topical solution,
50%, 75% |
| 7.
ANTIMIGRAINE DRUGS
7.1 For treatment of acute
attack |
| acetylsalicylic
acid |
|
tablet, 300 -500
mg |
| ergotamine |
(7) |
tablet, 1 mg
(tartrate) |
| paracetamol |
|
tablet, 300-500
mg |
| 7.2 For
prophylaxis |
| *propranolol |
|
tablet, 20 mg, 40 mg
(hydrochloride) |
| 8.
ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND DRUGS USED IN PALLIATIVE
CARE
8.1 Immunosuppressive
drugs |
| Adequate
resources and specialist oversight are a prerequisite for this class
of drugs. |
| *azathioprine |
(2) |
tablet, 50 mg;
powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium salt) in vial |
| *ciclosporin |
(2) |
capsule, 25 mg;
concentrate for injection 50 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule
(For organ
transplantation.) |
| 8.2
Cytotoxic drugs |
| Adequate
resources and specialist oversight are a prerequisite for this class
of drugs. |
| asparaginase |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 10,000 IU in vial |
| bleomycin |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 15 mg (as sulfate) in vial |
| calcium
folinate |
(2) |
tablet, 15 mg;
injection, 3 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule |
| chlorambucil |
(2) |
tablet 2
mg |
| chlormethine |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 10 mg (hydrochloride) in vial |
| cisplatin |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 10 mg, 50 mg in vial |
| cyclophosphamide |
(2) |
tablet, 25 mg;
powder for injection, 500 mg in vial |
| cytarabine |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 100 mg in vial |
| dacarbazine |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 100 mg in vial |
| dactinomycin |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 500 micrograms in vial |
| daunorubicin |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 50 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial |
| *doxorubicin |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 10 mg, 50 mg (as hydrochloride) in vial |
| etoposide |
(2) |
capsule, 100 mg;
injection, 20 mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule |
| fluorouracil |
(2) |
injection, 50 mg/ml
in 5-ml ampoule |
| levamisole |
(2) |
tablet, 50 mg (as
hydrochloride) |
| mercaptopurine |
(2) |
tablet, 50
mg |
| methotrexate |
(2) |
tablet, 2.5 mg;
powder for injection, 50 mg (as sodium salt) in vial |
| procarbazine |
|
capsule, 50 mg (as
hydrochloride) |
| vinblastine |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 10 mg (sulfate) in vial |
| vincristine |
(2) |
powder for
injection, 1 mg, 5 mg (sulfate) in vial |
| 8.3
Hormones and antihormones |
| *prednisolone |
|
tablet, 5 mg; powder
for injection, 20 mg in vial, 25 mg (as sodium phosphate or sodium
succinate) in vial |
| tamoxifen |
|
tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg
(as citrate) |
| 8.4
Drugs used in palliative care |
| The WHO
Expert Committee on the Use of Essential Drugs recommended that all
the drugs mentioned in the WHO publication Cancer Pain Relief: with
a Guide to Opioid Availability, second edition, be considered
essential. The drugs are included in the relevant sections of the
Model List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g.
analgesics. |
| 9.
ANTIPARKINSONISM DRUGS |
| *biperiden |
|
tablet, 2 mg
(hydrochloride); injection, 5 mg (lactate) in 1-ml
ampoule |
| levodopa +
*carbidopa |
(5, 6) |
tablet, 100 mg + 10
mg; 250 mg + 25 mg |
| 10.
DRUGS AFFECTING THE BLOOD
10.1 Anti-anaemia
drugs |
| ferrous
salt |
|
tablet, 60 mg iron;
oral solution, 25 mg iron (as sulfate)/1 ml |
| ferrous salt + folic
acid |
|
tablet equivalent to
60 mg iron + 400 micrograms folic acid
(Nutritional supplement for use during
pregnancy.) |
| folic acid |
(2) |
injection, 1 mg (as
sodium salt) in 1-ml ampoule |
| hydroxocobalamin |
(2) |
injection, 1 mg in
1-ml ampoule |
| Complementary drug |
| *iron
dextran |
(B) (5) |
injection,
equivalent to 50 mg iron/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| 10.2
Drugs affecting coagulation |
| desmopressin |
(8) |
injection, 4
micrograms (acetate)/ml in 1-ml ampoule; nasal spray 10
micrograms/metered dose |
| heparin
sodium |
|
injection, 1000
IU/ml, 5000 IU/ml, 20,000 IU (acetate)/ml in 1-ml
ampoule |
| phytomenadione |
|
injection, 10 mg/ml
in 5-ml ampoule; tablet, 10 mg |
| protamine
sulfate |
|
injection, 10 mg/ml
in 5-ml ampoule |
| *warfarin |
(2, 6) |
tablet, 1 mg, 2 mg
and 5 mg (sodium salt) |
| 11.
BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES
11.1 Plasma
substitutes |
| *dextran
70 |
|
injectable solution,
6% |
| *polygeline |
|
injectable solution,
3.5% |
| 11.2
Plasma fractions for specific use |
| All plasma
fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the
Collection, Processing and Quality Control of Blood, Blood
Components, and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 840, 1994, Annex 2. |
| Complementary
drugs |
|
|
| *factor VIII
concentrate |
(C) (2, 8) |
(dried) |
| *factor IX complex
concentrate (coagulation factors, II, VII, IX, X) |
(C) (2, 8) |
(dried) |
| 12.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS
12.1 Antianginal
drugs |
| *atenolol |
|
tablet, 50 mg, 100
mg |
| glyceryl
trinitrate |
|
tablet (sublingual),
500 micrograms |
| *isosorbide
dinitrate |
|
tablet (sublingual),
5 mg |
| *verapamil |
(10) |
tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg
(hydrochloride) |
| 12.2
Antiarrhythmic drugs |
| *atenolol |
|
tablet, 50 mg, 100
mg |
| digoxin |
(4, 11) |
tablet, 62.5
micrograms, 250 micrograms; oral solution 50 micrograms; injection
250 micrograms/ml in 2-ml ampoule. |
| lidocaine |
|
injection, 20 mg
(hydrochloride)/ml in 5-ml ampoule |
| verapamil |
(8, 10) |
tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg
(hydrochloride); injection, 2.5 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml
ampoule |
| Complementary drugs |
| epinephrine
(adrenaline) |
(C) |
injection 1 mg (as
hydrochloride) in 1-ml ampoule |
| isoprenaline |
(C) |
injection, 20
micrograms (hydrochloride)/ml |
| *procainamide |
(B) |
tablet, 250 mg, 500
mg (hydrochloride); injection, 100 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 10-ml
ampoule |
| *quinidine |
(A) (7) |
tablet, 200 mg
(sulfate) |
| 12.3
Antihypertensive drugs |
| *atenolol |
|
tablet, 50 mg, 100
mg |
| *captopril |
|
scored tablet, 25
mg |
| *hydralazine |
|
tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg
(hydrochloride); powder for injection, 20 mg (hydrochloride) in
ampoule |
| *hydrochlorothiazide |
|
scored tablet, 25
mg |
| methyldopa |
(7) |
tablet, 250
mg |
| *nifedipine |
(10) |
sustained release
formulations, tablet 10 mg |
| *reserpine |
|
tablet, 100
micrograms, 250 micrograms; injection, 1 mg in 1-ml
ampoule |
| Complementary drugs |
| *prazosin |
(B) |
tablet, 500
micrograms, 1 mg |
| *sodium
nitroprusside |
(C) (2, 8) |
powder for infusion,
50 mg in ampoule |
| 12.4
Drugs used in heart failure |
| *captopril |
(4, 11) |
scored tablet, 25
mg |
| *digoxin |
(4, 11) |
tablet, 62.5
micrograms, 250 micrograms; oral solution, 50 micrograms/ml;
injection, 250 micrograms/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| dopamine |
|
injection, 40 mg
(hydrochloride)in 5-ml vial |
| *hydrochlorothiazide |
|
tablet, 25 mg, 50
mg |
| 12.5
Antithrombotic drugs |
| acetylsalicylic
acid |
|
tablet, 100
mg |
| Complementary drug |
| streptokinase |
(C) |
powder for
injection, 100,000 IU, 750,000 IU in vial |
| 12.6
Lipid-lowering agents |
| The WHO
Expert Committee on Use of Essential Drugs recognizes the value of
lipid-lowering drugs in treating patients with hyperlipidaemia.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, often referred to as "statins", are a
family of potent and effective lipid-lowering drugs with a good
tolerability profile. Several of these drugs have been shown to
reduce the incidence of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction,
stroke and mortality (all causes), as well as the need for coronary
by-pass surgery . All remain very costly but may be cost effective
for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as for
primary prevention in some very high-risk patients. Since no single
drug has been shown to be significantly more effective or less
expensive than others in the group, none is included in the Model
List; the choice of drug for use in patients at highest risk should
be decided at the national level. |
| 13.
DERMATOLOGICAL DRUGS (topical)
13.1 Antifungal
drugs |
| benzoic acid +
salicylic acid |
|
ointment or cream,
6% + 3% |
| *miconazole |
|
ointment or cream,
2% (nitrate) |
| sodium
thiosulfate |
|
solution,
15% |
| Complementary drug |
| selenium
sulfide |
(C) |
detergent-based
suspension, 2% |
| 13.2
Anti-infective drugs |
| *methylrosanilinium
chloride (gentian violet) |
|
aqueous solution,
0.5%; tincture, 0.5% |
| neomycin sulfate +
*bacitracin |
|
ointment, 5 mg + 500
IU bacitracin zinc/g |
| *potassium
permanganate |
|
aqueous solution
1:10 000 |
| silver
sulfadiazine |
|
cream, 1%, in 500-g
container |
| 13.3
Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs |
| *betamethasone |
(3) |
ointment or cream,
0.1% (as valerate) |
| *calamine
lotion |
|
lotion |
| *hydrocortisone |
|
ointment or cream,
1% (acetate) |
| 13.4
Astringent drugs |
| aluminium
diacetate |
|
solution, 13% for
dilution |
| 13.5
Drugs affecting skin differentiation and
proliferation |
| benzoyl
peroxide |
|
lotion or cream,
5% |
| coal tar |
|
solution,
5% |
| dithranol |
|
ointment,
0.1%-2% |
| fluorouracil |
|
ointment,
5% |
| *podophyllum
resin |
(7) |
solution,
10-25% |
| salicylic
acid |
|
solution
5% |
| urea |
|
ointment or cream,
10% |
| 13.6
Scabicides and pediculicides |
| *benzyl
benzoate |
|
lotion,
25% |
| permethrin |
|
cream 5%; lotion
1% |
| 13.7
Ultraviolet blocking agents |
| Complementary drugs |
| topical sun
protection agent with activity against UVA and UVB |
(C) |
cream, lotion or
gel |
| 14.
DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
14.1 Ophthalmic
drugs |
| fluorescein |
|
eye drops, 1%
(sodium salt) |
| *tropicamide |
|
eye drops,
0.5% |
| 14.2
Radiocontrast media |
| amidotrizoate |
|
injection, 140-420
mg iodine (as sodium or meglumine salt)/ml in 20-ml
ampoule |
| barium
sulfate |
|
aqueous
suspension |
| *iohexol |
|
injection 140 -350
mg iodine/ml in 5-ml, 10-ml and 20-ml ampoule |
| *iopanoic
acid |
|
tablet, 500
mg |
| *propyliodone |
|
oily suspension,
500-600 mg/ml in 20-ml ampoule
(For administration only into the
bronchial tree.) |
| Complementary drug |
| *meglumine
iotroxate |
(C) |
solution, 5-8 g
iodine in 100-250 ml |
| 15.
DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS
15.1 Antiseptics |
| *chlorhexidine |
|
solution, 5% (
digluconate) concentrate for dilution |
| *ethanol |
|
solution, 70%
(denatured) |
| *polyvidone
iodine |
|
solution,
10% |
| 15.2
Disinfectants |
| *chlorine base
compound |
|
powder (0.1%
available chlorine) for solution |
| *chloroxylenol |
|
solution,
5% |
| glutaral |
|
solution,
2% |
| 16.
DIURETICS |
| *amiloride |
(4, 7, 8) |
tablet, 5 mg
(hydrochloride) |
| *furosemide |
|
tablet, 40 mg;
injection, 10 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| *hydrochlorothiazide |
|
tablet, 25 mg, 50
mg |
| spironolactone |
(8) |
tablet, 25
mg |
| Complementary drug |
| *mannitol |
(C) |
injectable solution,
10%, 20% |
| 17.
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer
drugs |
| aluminium
hydroxide |
|
tablet, 500 mg; oral
suspension, 320 mg/5 ml |
| *cimetidine |
|
tablet, 200 mg;
injection, 200 mg in 2-ml ampoule |
| magnesium
hydroxide |
|
oral suspension, 550
mg equivalent to magnesium oxide/10 ml |
| 17.2
Antiemetic drugs |
| metoclopramide |
|
tablet, 10 mg
(hydrochloride); injection, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml
ampoule |
| *promethazine |
|
tablet, 10 mg, 25 mg
(hydrochloride); elixir or syrup, 5 mg (hydrochloride)/5 ml;
injection, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| 17.3
Antihaemorrhoidal drugs |
| *local anaesthetic,
astringent and anti-inflammatory drug |
|
ointment or
suppository |
| 17.4
Anti-inflammatory drugs |
| *hydrocortisone |
(B) |
suppository 25 mg
(acetate); *retention enema |
| *sulfasalazine |
(2) |
tablet, 500 mg;
suppository 500 mg; retention enema |
| 17.5
Antispasmodic drugs |
| *atropine |
|
tablet, 0.6 mg
(sulfate); injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| 17.6
Laxatives |
| *senna |
|
tablet, 7.5 mg
(sennosides) (or traditional dosage forms) |
| 17.7
Drugs used in diarrhoea
17.7.1 Oral
rehydration |
| oral rehydration
salts (for glucose-electrolyte solution) |
|
powder, 27.9 g/l;
Components to reconstitute 1 litre of glucose-electrolyte solution:
sodium chloride 3.5 g/l;
trisodium citrate dihydrate* 2.9 g/l;
potassium chloride 1.5 g/l;
glucose, anhydrous 20.0
g/l |
| *Trisodium citrate dihydrate may be replaced by sodium
bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) 2.5g/l. However, as the
stability of this latter formulation is very poor under tropical
conditions, it is only recommended when manufactured for immediate
use. |
| 17.7.2
Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) drugs |
| *codeine |
(1a) |
tablet, 30 mg
(phosphate) |
| 18.
HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE DRUGS AND CONTRACEPTIVES
18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic
substitutes |
| *dexamethasone |
|
tablet 500
micrograms, 4 mg; injection 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as
disodium salt) in 1-ml ampoule |
| hydrocortisone |
|
powder for
injection, 100 mg (as sodium succinate) in vial |
| *prednisolone |
|
tablet 1 mg, 5
mg |
| Complementary drug |
| fludrocortisone |
(C) |
tablet, 100
micrograms (acetate) |
| 18.2
Androgens |
| Complementary drug |
| testosterone |
(C) (2) |
injection, 200 mg
(enantate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| 18.3
Contraceptives
18.3.1 Hormonal
contraceptives |
| *ethinylestradiol +
*levonorgestrel |
|
tablet, 30
micrograms + 150 micrograms |
| *ethinylestradiol +
*levonorgestrel |
|
tablet, 50
micrograms + 250 micrograms (pack of four) |
| *ethinylestradiol +
*norethisterone |
|
tablet, 35
micrograms + 1.0 mg |
| levonorgestrel |
|
tablets, 750
micrograms (pack of two) |
| Complementary drugs |
| *levonorgestrel |
(B) |
tablets, 30
micrograms |
| medroxyprogesterone
acetate |
(B) (7, 8) |
depot injection, 150
mg/ml in 1-ml vial |
| norethisterone
enantate |
(B) (7, 8) |
oily solution, 200
mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule |
| 18.3.2
Intrauterine devices |
| copper-containing
device |
|
|
| 18.3.3 Barrier
methods |
|
|
| condoms with or
without spermicide (nonoxinol) |
|
|
| diaphragms with
spermicide (nonoxinol) |
|
|
| 18.4
Estrogens |
|
|
| *ethinylestradiol |
|
tablet, 10
micrograms, 50 micrograms |
| 18.5
Insulins and other antidiabetic agents |
| *glibenclamide |
|
tablets, 2.5 mg, 5
mg |
| insulin
(soluble) |
|
injection, 40 IU/ml
in 10-ml vial, 100 IU/ml in 10-ml vial |
| intermediate-acting
insulin |
|
injection, 40 IU/ml
in 10 ml vial; 100 IU/ml in 10 ml vial (as compound insulin zinc
suspension or isophane insulin) |
| metformin |
|
tablet, 500 mg
(hydrochloride) |
| 18.6
Ovulation inducers |
| *clomifene |
(2, 8) |
tablet, 50 mg
(citrate) |
| 18.7
Progestogens |
| norethisterone |
|
tablet, 5
mg |
| Complementary drug |
| medroxyprogesterone
acetate |
(B) |
tablet, 5
mg |
| 18.8
Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs |
| levothyroxine |
|
tablet, 50
micrograms, 100 micrograms (sodium salt) |
| potassium
iodide |
|
tablet, 60
mg |
| *propylthiouracil |
|
tablet, 50
mg |
| 19.
IMMUNOLOGICALS
19.1 Diagnostic
agents |
| All
tuberculins should comply with the WHO Requirements for Tuberculins
(Revised 1985). WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization
Thirty sixth report, WHO Technical Report Series, No. 745, 1987,
Annex 1.. |
| tuberculin, purified
protein derivative (PPD) |
|
injection |
| 19.2
Sera and immunoglobulins |
| All plasma
fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the
Collection, Processing and Quality Control of Blood, Blood
Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). WHO Expert
Committee on Biological Standardization Forty-third report, WHO
Technical Report Series, No. 840, 1994, Annex 2.. |
| anti-D
immunoglobulin (human) |
|
injection, 250
micrograms in single-dose vial |
| *antitetanus
immunoglobulin (human) |
|
injection, 500 IU in
vial |
| antivenom
serum |
|
injection |
| diphtheria
antitoxin |
|
injection, 10,000
IU, 20,000 IU in vial |
| immunoglobulin,
human normal |
(2) |
intramuscular
injection |
| immunoglobulin,
human normal |
(2, 8) |
intravenous
injection |
| *rabies
immunoglobulin |
|
injection, 150
IU/ml |
| 19.3
Vaccines |
| All
vaccines should comply with the WHO Requirements for Biological
Substances.. |
| 19.3.1
For universal immunization |
| BCG |
|
|
| diphtheria |
|
|
| hepatitis
B |
|
|
| measles |
|
|
| pertussis |
|
|
| poliomyelitis |
|
|
| tetanus |
|
|
| 19.3.2
For specific groups of individuals |
| influenza |
|
|
| meningitis |
|
|
| rabies |
|
|
| rubella |
|
|
| typhoid |
|
|
| yellow
fever |
|
|
| 20.
MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE
INHIBITORS |
| *alcuronium
chloride |
(2) |
injection, 5 mg/ml
in 2-ml ampoule |
| *neostigmine |
|
tablet, 15 mg
(bromide); injection, 500 micrograms in 1-ml ampoule; 2.5 mg
(metilsulfate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| pyridostigmine
bromide |
(2, 8) |
tablet, 60 mg;
injection, 1 mg in 1-ml ampoule |
| suxamethonium
chloride |
(2) |
injection, 50 mg/ml
in 2-ml ampoule; powder for injection |
| Complementary drug |
| vecuronium
bromide |
(C) |
powder for
injection, 10 mg in vial |
| 21.
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
21.1 Anti-infective
agents |
| *gentamicin |
|
solution (eye
drops), 0.3% (sulfate) |
| *idoxuridine |
|
solution (eye
drops), 0.1%; eye ointment, 0.2% |
| silver
nitrate |
|
solution (eye
drops), 1% |
| *tetracycline |
|
eye ointment, 1%
(hydrochloride) |
| 21.2
Anti-inflammatory agents |
| *prednisolone |
|
eye drops, 0.5%
(sodium phosphate) |
| 21.3
Local anaesthetics |
| *tetracaine |
|
solution (eye
drops), 0.5% (hydrochloride) |
| 21.4
Miotics and antiglaucoma drugs |
| acetazolamide |
|
tablet, 250
mg |
| *pilocarpine |
|
solution (eye
drops), 2%, 4% (hydrochloride or nitrate) |
| *timolol |
|
solution (eye
drops), 0.25%, 0.5% (as maleate) |
| 21.5
Mydriatics |
| atropine |
|
solution (eye
drops), 0.1%; solution 0.5%, 1% (sulfate) |
| Complementary drug |
| epinephrine
(adrenaline) |
(A) |
solution (eye
drops), 2% (as hydrochloride) |
| 22.
OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS
22.1 Oxytocics |
| *ergometrine |
|
tablet, 200
micrograms (hydrogen maleate); injection, 200 micrograms (hydrogen
maleate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| oxytocin |
|
injection, 10 IU in
1-ml ampoule |
| 22.2
Antioxytocics |
| *salbutamol |
(2) |
tablet, 4 mg (as
sulfate); injection, 50 micrograms (as sulfate)/ml in 5-ml
ampoule |
| 23.
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION |
| intraperitoneal
dialysis solution (of appropriate composition) |
|
parenteral
solution |
| 24.
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
24.1 Drugs used in psychotic
disorders |
| *chlorpromazine |
|
tablet, 100 mg
(hydrochloride); syrup, 25 mg (hydrochloride)/5ml; injection, 25 mg
(hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule |
| *fluphenazine
decanoate |
(5) |
injection, 25 mg
(decanoate or enantate) in 1-ml ampoule |
| *haloperidol |
|
tablet, 2 mg, 5 mg;
injection, 5 mg in 1-ml ampoule |
| 24.2
Drugs used in mood disorders
24.2.1 Drugs used in depressive
disorders |
| *amitriptyline |
|
tablet, 25 mg
(hydrochloride) |
|